Many people in the UK consider therapy when they are experiencing anxiety, stress, depression, or other mental health difficulties. However, it can sometimes be unclear how to begin the process of accessing therapy.
In the UK, therapy may be available through NHS services, self-referral pathways, charities, or private providers.
This guide explains the main ways people access therapy in the UK and what steps are usually involved.
At a glance
- NHS Talking Therapies offer free CBT, counselling, and group therapy
- You can self-refer in most areas — no GP needed
- Private therapy typically costs £40–£120 per session
- Charities like Mind and Samaritans offer free or low-cost support
Step 1: Understand the types of therapy available
Therapy is a broad term that refers to psychological treatments designed to support mental health and emotional wellbeing.
Common therapy types available in the UK include:
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- Counselling
- Psychotherapy
- Guided self-help programmes
Different therapies may be recommended depending on a person's needs and the services available.
Source: NHS – Talking therapies and counselling
Learn more:
Mental Health Therapy Options in the UKStep 2: Access NHS Talking Therapies
One of the most common ways to access therapy in England is through NHS Talking Therapies.
These services provide psychological treatments for common mental health difficulties such as anxiety and depression.
Treatments offered may include:
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
- counselling
- guided self-help
- group therapy
Many people can self-refer to these services without seeing a GP first.
Source: NHS Talking Therapies service finder
Key point
NHS Talking Therapies allow self-referral in most areas of England. This means you do not always need a GP appointment to access therapy.
Learn more:
NHS Talking Therapies ExplainedStep 3: Speak to a GP
Another common pathway is to speak with a GP.
During a GP appointment, you can discuss your mental health concerns and the GP may suggest:
- referral to NHS Talking Therapies
- referral to specialist mental health services
- medication support
- community mental health services
Source: NHS – Getting help for mental health
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How NHS Referrals WorkStep 4: Consider charity or community services
Some people access therapy or mental health support through charities or community organisations.
These services may include:
- counselling services
- peer support groups
- mental health helplines
- community wellbeing programmes
Examples of UK organisations providing mental health support include:
These services may offer free or low-cost support depending on availability.
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Step 5: Explore private therapy
Some people choose to access private therapy, particularly if NHS waiting lists are long or they prefer more choice of therapists.
Private therapists may offer:
- in-person sessions
- online therapy
- specialist therapy approaches
Costs vary depending on the therapist and location.
Step 6: Attend an initial therapy assessment
Before beginning therapy, most services will arrange an initial mental health assessment.
This assessment helps clinicians understand:
- the person's symptoms
- how long difficulties have been present
- previous support or treatment
- the most appropriate therapy approach
Step-by-step summary
Most therapy journeys in the UK follow a pathway similar to this:
Understanding this process can make it easier to navigate mental health support options.
Navigating therapy options
Therapy can play an important role in supporting mental health and wellbeing.
Find Care Compare helps patients understand mental health pathways and explore available providers.
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Sources
Information in this guide is based on NHS guidance about accessing therapy and mental health services.
NHS sources referenced include:
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